Cụm động từ · Phần 7: up (1) (Phrasal verbs with up (1))
up là tiểu từ đi với rất nhiều cụm động từ. Bài này gom những nhóm hay gặp: đến gần và bắt kịp (come up to, catch up, keep up); bắt đầu (set up, take up, fix up); lớn lên (grow up, bring up); dọn dẹp (clean up, tidy up, wash up); và một số cụm khác như end up, give up, make up, take up, turn up, use up.
Cụm động từ với up (1)
| Cụm | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| go / come / walk up (to) | đến gần | A man came up to me and asked me for money. |
| catch up (with) | bắt kịp | You go on and I’ll catch up with you. |
| keep up (with) | theo kịp | You’re walking too fast. I can’t keep up. |
| set up | thành lập, thiết lập | The government has set up a committee. |
| take up | bắt đầu (sở thích); chiếm (chỗ, thời gian) | Laura took up photography a few years ago. |
| fix up | sắp xếp (cuộc hẹn) | We’ve fixed up a meeting for next Monday. |
| grow up | lớn lên | Amy grew up in Australia. |
| bring up | nuôi dạy | She was brought up by her grandparents. |
| clean up / clear up / tidy up | dọn dẹp | Who’s going to tidy up? |
| wash up | rửa bát đĩa | I hate washing up. |
| end up | rốt cuộc, cuối cùng lại | I ended up sleeping on a bench. |
| give up | bỏ cuộc; từ bỏ | Don’t give up. Keep trying! |
| make up / be made up of | chiếm, tạo nên; gồm có | Air is made up mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. |
| turn up / show up | đến, xuất hiện | He didn’t turn up. |
| use something up | dùng hết sạch | I want to use them up. |
đến gần và bắt kịp: go up, catch up, keep up
go up / come up / walk up (to …) = đến gần: A man came up to me in the street and asked me for money. catch up (with somebody) hoặc catch somebody up = đi nhanh hơn người ở phía trước để theo kịp họ: I’m not ready to go yet. You go on and I’ll catch up with you. (hoặc I’ll catch you up.) keep up (with somebody) = giữ cùng tốc độ hoặc cùng mức: You’re walking too fast. I can’t keep up (with you). You’re doing well. Keep it up!
- A man came up to me in the street. — Một người đàn ông đến gần tôi trên phố.
- You go on and I’ll catch up with you. — Bạn đi trước đi, lát tôi đuổi kịp.
- You’re doing well. Keep it up! — Bạn làm tốt lắm. Cứ phát huy nhé!
bắt đầu: set up, take up, fix up
set up an organisation / a company / a business / a system / a website = thành lập, thiết lập: The government has set up a committee to investigate the problem. take up a hobby / a sport / an activity = bắt đầu làm: Laura took up photography a few years ago. She takes really good pictures. fix up a meeting etc. = sắp xếp, hẹn: We’ve fixed up a meeting for next Monday.
- The government has set up a committee. — Chính phủ đã lập một uỷ ban.
- Laura took up photography a few years ago. — Laura bắt đầu chụp ảnh cách đây vài năm.
- We’ve fixed up a meeting for next Monday. — Chúng tôi đã hẹn một cuộc họp vào thứ Hai tới.
lớn lên và dọn dẹp: grow up, bring up, tidy up, wash up
grow up = trở thành người lớn: Amy was born in Hong Kong but grew up in Australia. bring up a child = nuôi dạy: Her parents died when she was a child and she was brought up by her grandparents. clean up / clear up / tidy up = dọn sạch, dọn gọn: Look at this mess! Who’s going to tidy up? (hoặc … to tidy it up) wash up = rửa bát đĩa sau bữa ăn: I hate washing up. (hoặc I hate doing the washing-up.)
- Amy was born in Hong Kong but grew up in Australia. — Amy sinh ở Hồng Kông nhưng lớn lên ở Úc.
- She was brought up by her grandparents. — Cô được ông bà nuôi dạy.
- I hate washing up. — Tôi ghét rửa bát.
end up, give up, make up, take up, turn up, use up
end up somewhere / end up doing something = rốt cuộc rơi vào tình huống nào: There was a fight in the street and three men ended up in hospital. I couldn’t find a hotel and ended up sleeping on a bench at the station. give up = ngừng cố gắng; give something up = bỏ việc gì: Don’t give up. Keep trying! Sue got bored with her job and decided to give it up. make up something / be made up of something = chiếm, tạo nên; gồm có: Children under 16 make up half the population of the city. Air is made up mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. take up space or time = chiếm chỗ, mất thời gian: Most of the space in the room was taken up by a large table. turn up / show up = đến, xuất hiện: We arranged to meet David last night, but he didn’t turn up. use something up = dùng hết không còn gì: I’m going to make soup. We have a lot of vegetables and I want to use them up.
- I couldn’t find a hotel and ended up sleeping on a bench. — Tôi không tìm được khách sạn và rốt cuộc ngủ trên ghế đá.
- Air is made up of nitrogen and oxygen. — Không khí gồm chủ yếu là nitơ và ôxy.
- We arranged to meet David, but he didn’t turn up. — Chúng tôi hẹn gặp David nhưng anh ấy không đến.
- I want to use them up. — Tôi muốn dùng hết chúng.
Lưu ý
- Mẹo: take up có hai nghĩa — bắt đầu một sở thích và chiếm chỗ / thời gian; make up of nghĩa là “gồm có” khi dùng bị động.