Cụm động từ · Phần 5: on và off (2) (Phrasal verbs with on / off (2))
Bài này tiếp tục với on và off. on thường mang nghĩa “tiếp tục làm gì”: go on, carry on, keep on, drive on, get on with. get on có ba nghĩa khác nhau. off đi với những cụm mang nghĩa riêng: doze off, finish off, go off, put somebody off, rip off, show off, tell somebody off.
Cụm động từ với on và off (2)
| Cụm | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| go on / carry on | tiếp tục | The party went on until 4 o’clock in the morning. |
| go on / carry on doing | tiếp tục làm gì | I don’t want to carry on working here. |
| keep on doing | làm liên tục, lặp đi lặp lại | He keeps on criticising me. It’s not fair! |
| drive on / walk on / play on | đi tiếp, chơi tiếp | Shall we stop here or shall we drive on to the next one? |
| get on | tiến triển; hợp nhau | How are you getting on in your new job? |
| get on with something | tiếp tục làm việc phải làm | I must get on with my work. |
| doze off / drop off / nod off | ngủ gật | I dozed off during the lecture. |
| finish something off | làm nốt phần cuối | Nearly. I’ll finish it off tomorrow. |
| go off | (chuông báo) kêu | Did you hear the alarm go off? |
| put somebody off | làm ai chán, mất hứng | We were put off by the long queue. |
| rip somebody off / be ripped off | chặt chém, bị lừa tiền | I think you were ripped off. |
| show off | khoe khoang | He’s just showing off. |
| tell somebody off | mắng | Clare’s mother told her off for wearing dirty shoes. |
on = tiếp tục làm gì
go on = tiếp tục: The party went on until 4 o’clock in the morning. go on / carry on doing something = tiếp tục làm việc đó: We can’t go on spending money like this. We’ll have nothing left soon. I don’t want to carry on working here. I’m going to look for another job. go on with / carry on with something = tiếp tục việc đó: Don’t let me disturb you. Please carry on with what you’re doing. keep on doing (hoặc keep doing) something = làm liên tục hoặc lặp đi lặp lại: He keeps on criticising me. It’s not fair! (hoặc He keeps criticising me.) drive on / walk on / play on… = tiếp tục lái / đi / chơi: Shall we stop at this petrol station or shall we drive on to the next one?
- The party went on until 4 o’clock in the morning. — Bữa tiệc kéo dài đến 4 giờ sáng.
- We can’t go on spending money like this. — Chúng ta không thể cứ tiêu tiền như vậy mãi.
- He keeps on criticising me. — Anh ta cứ chỉ trích tôi mãi.
get on — ba nghĩa
get on = tiến triển: How are you getting on in your new job? (= công việc thế nào rồi?) get on (with somebody) = có quan hệ tốt: Joanne and Karen don’t get on. They’re always arguing. Richard gets on well with his neighbours. They’re all very friendly. get on with something = tiếp tục việc phải làm, thường sau khi bị gián đoạn: I must get on with my work. I have a lot to do.
- How are you getting on in your new job? — Công việc mới của bạn thế nào rồi?
- Richard gets on well with his neighbours. — Richard hoà thuận với hàng xóm.
- I must get on with my work. — Tôi phải tiếp tục làm việc của mình.
off: ngủ gật và làm nốt
doze off / drop off / nod off = ngủ thiếp đi: I dozed off during the lecture. It was very boring. finish something off = làm phần cuối của việc đó: ‘Have you finished painting the kitchen?’ ‘Nearly. I’ll finish it off tomorrow.’
- I dozed off during the lecture. — Tôi ngủ gật trong buổi giảng.
- I’ll finish it off tomorrow. — Ngày mai tôi sẽ làm nốt.
off: go off, put off, rip off, show off, tell off
go off = (chuông báo) kêu: Did you hear the alarm go off? put somebody off (doing) something = khiến họ không muốn làm nữa: We wanted to go to the exhibition, but we were put off by the long queue. (= vì hàng dài nên chúng tôi không đi) What put you off applying for the job? Was the salary too low? rip somebody off / be ripped off = lừa lấy tiền, bị chặt chém: Did you really pay £2,000 for that painting? I think you were ripped off. (= bạn trả quá đắt) show off = khoe khoang: Look at that boy on the bike riding with no hands. He’s just showing off. tell somebody off = mắng vì làm sai: Clare’s mother told her off for wearing dirty shoes in the house.
- Did you hear the alarm go off? — Bạn có nghe chuông báo kêu không?
- We were put off by the long queue. — Hàng dài làm chúng tôi nản nên không đi.
- I think you were ripped off. — Tôi nghĩ bạn bị chặt chém rồi.
- Clare’s mother told her off for wearing dirty shoes. — Mẹ Clare mắng cô vì đi giày bẩn vào nhà.
Lưu ý
- Mẹo: put off có hai nghĩa — hoãn lại (put off a meeting) và làm ai mất hứng (put somebody off). Đại từ chen giữa: tell her off, rip them off, finish it off.