Cụm động từ · Phần 4: on và off (1) (Phrasal verbs with on / off (1))
on và off đi với bốn nhóm nghĩa. (1) Đèn và máy móc: the light is on, put the light on, leave it on; turn / switch on / off; put some music on. (2) Sự việc: go on (xảy ra), call off (huỷ), put off (hoãn). (3) Quần áo: put on, try on, take off; put on weight. (4) off = rời xa người hay nơi nào đó: be off to, walk / drive / ride off, set off, take off, see somebody off.
Cụm động từ với on và off
| Cụm | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| turn / switch on / off | bật / tắt | Shall I leave the lights on or turn them off? |
| put on (music, kettle) | bật nhạc, bắc ấm lên | Let’s put some music on. |
| go on | xảy ra | What’s all that noise? What’s going on? |
| call off | huỷ | The concert had to be called off because of the weather. |
| put off | hoãn lại | The election has been put off until January. |
| put on / take off (clothes) | mặc vào / cởi ra | My hands were cold, so I put my gloves on. |
| put on weight | tăng cân | I’ve put on two kilos in the last month. |
| try on | mặc thử | I tried on a jacket in the shop. |
| be off | đi (đến nơi nào) | Tomorrow I’m off to Paris. |
| walk / run / drive / ride / go off | đi mất, bỏ đi | Anna got on her bike and rode off. |
| set off | khởi hành | We set off early to avoid the traffic. |
| take off (plane) | cất cánh | The plane finally took off. |
| see somebody off | tiễn ai | We went to the station to see her off. |
on / off cho đèn, máy móc
Ta nói the light is on / put the light on / leave the light on; turn the light on / off hoặc switch the light on / off: Shall I leave the lights on or turn them off? ‘Is the heating on?’ ‘No, I switched it off.’ Cũng nói put (music, a song) on, put the kettle on: Let’s put some music on. What would you like to hear? We need boiling water, so I’ll put the kettle on.
- Shall I leave the lights on or turn them off? — Tôi để đèn sáng hay tắt đi nhé?
- Let’s put some music on. — Mở chút nhạc nhé.
- I’ll put the kettle on. — Tôi sẽ bắc ấm lên.
on / off cho sự việc: go on, call off, put off
go on = xảy ra: What’s all that noise? What’s going on? (= chuyện gì đang xảy ra?) call something off = huỷ: The concert in the park had to be called off because of the weather. put something off, put off doing something = hoãn lại: The election has been put off until January. We can’t put off making a decision. We have to decide now.
- What’s all that noise? What’s going on? — Tiếng ồn gì thế? Chuyện gì đang xảy ra?
- The concert had to be called off because of the weather. — Buổi hoà nhạc phải huỷ vì thời tiết.
- We can’t put off making a decision. — Chúng ta không thể trì hoãn việc quyết định.
on / off cho quần áo: put on, try on, take off; put on weight
put on clothes, glasses, make-up, a seat belt: My hands were cold, so I put my gloves on. put on weight = tăng cân: I’ve put on two kilos in the last month. try on clothes (xem có vừa không): I tried on a jacket in the shop, but it didn’t look right. take off clothes, glasses: It was warm, so I took off my coat.
- My hands were cold, so I put my gloves on. — Tay lạnh nên tôi đeo găng vào.
- I’ve put on two kilos in the last month. — Tháng qua tôi tăng hai ký.
- I tried on a jacket in the shop. — Tôi mặc thử một chiếc áo khoác ở cửa hàng.
off = rời xa người hay nơi nào đó
be off (to a place): Tomorrow I’m off to Paris. / I’m off on holiday. (= tôi sắp đi Paris / đi nghỉ) walk off / run off / drive off / ride off / go off (giống walk away / run away): Anna got on her bike and rode off. Mark left home at the age of eighteen and went off to Canada. set off = bắt đầu chuyến đi: We set off early to avoid the traffic. take off = (máy bay) cất cánh: After a long delay, the plane finally took off. see somebody off = ra ga / sân bay tiễn ai: Helen was going away. We went to the station with her to see her off.
- Tomorrow I’m off to Paris. — Ngày mai tôi đi Paris.
- We set off early to avoid the traffic. — Chúng tôi lên đường sớm để tránh kẹt xe.
- We went to the station to see her off. — Chúng tôi ra ga tiễn cô ấy.
Lưu ý
- Mẹo: take off có hai nghĩa — cởi (quần áo) và cất cánh (máy bay); put off = hoãn, call off = huỷ.