Cụm động từ · Phần 9: away và back (Phrasal verbs with away / back)
away nghĩa là rời xa nhà, xa nơi hay người nào đó (go away, drive away, fly away, take away); back nghĩa là trở lại nhà, nơi hay người nào đó (be back, walk back, give back, put back). Ngoài ra có get away, get away with, keep away, give away, put away, throw away; và wave back, call back, get back to, look back, pay back.
Cụm động từ với away và back
| Cụm | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| go away / drive away / fly away / blow away | đi mất, bay mất | It flew away. |
| take something away | mang đi, lấy đi | The police took away a computer. |
| walk away / run away / look away | bỏ đi, chạy trốn, quay đi | She just walked away. |
| be back / go back / come back / get back | trở lại, về | We’ll be back in three weeks. |
| give something back / put something back | trả lại; đặt lại chỗ cũ | I forgot to give them back to her. |
| get away | trốn thoát | We tried to catch the thief, but she got away. |
| get away with | làm sai mà không bị phát hiện | I got away with it. |
| keep away (from) | tránh xa | Keep away from the edge of the pool. |
| give something away | cho đi, tặng | I gave it away to a friend. |
| put something away | cất đi | They put them away. |
| throw something away | vứt đi | I threw away the envelope. |
| wave / smile / shout / hit back | vẫy, cười, hét, đánh lại | I waved to her, and she waved back. |
| call / phone / ring (somebody) back | gọi lại | I’ll call you back in ten minutes. |
| get back to somebody | hồi âm (qua điện thoại…) | He never got back to me. |
| look back (on) | nhìn lại quá khứ | Looking back on it, I learnt a lot. |
| pay back | trả lại tiền | I’ll pay you back next week. |
away ⇄ back
away = xa nhà: We’re going away on holiday today. away = xa một nơi, một người: Sarah got into her car, started the engine and drove away. I tried to take a picture of the bird, but it flew away. I dropped the ticket, and it blew away in the wind. The police searched the house and took away a computer. Tương tự: walk away, run away, look away. back = về nhà: We’ll be back in three weeks. back = quay về một nơi, một người: ‘I’m going out now.’ ‘What time will you be back?’ After eating at a restaurant, we walked back to our hotel. I’ve still got Jane’s keys. I forgot to give them back to her. When you’ve finished with that book, can you put it back on the shelf? Tương tự: go back, come back, get back, take something back.
- We’re going away on holiday today. — Hôm nay chúng tôi đi nghỉ.
- Sarah got into her car and drove away. — Sarah lên xe rồi lái đi.
- What time will you be back? — Mấy giờ bạn về?
- I forgot to give them back to her. — Tôi quên trả chúng lại cho cô ấy.
get away, keep away, give away, put away, throw away
get away = trốn thoát, rời đi một cách khó khăn: We tried to catch the thief, but she got away. get away with something = làm điều sai mà không bị bắt: I parked in a no-parking zone, but I got away with it. I didn’t have to pay a fine. keep away (from …) = đừng đến gần: Keep away from the edge of the pool. You might fall in. give something away = cho người khác vì mình không cần nữa: ‘Did you sell your bike?’ ‘No, I gave it away to a friend.’ put something away = cất vào chỗ thường để: When the children finished playing with their toys, they put them away. throw something away = bỏ vào thùng rác: I kept the letter, but I threw away the envelope.
- We tried to catch the thief, but she got away. — Chúng tôi cố bắt tên trộm nhưng cô ta trốn thoát.
- I parked in a no-parking zone, but I got away with it. — Tôi đậu xe chỗ cấm nhưng không bị phạt.
- Keep away from the edge of the pool. — Tránh xa mép hồ bơi.
- I gave it away to a friend. — Tôi đã cho nó một người bạn.
các cụm back: wave back, call back, get back to, look back, pay back
wave back / smile back / shout back / hit somebody back = đáp lại bằng chính hành động đó: I waved to her, and she waved back. call / phone / ring (somebody) back = gọi lại: I can’t talk to you now. I’ll call you back in ten minutes. get back to somebody = trả lời họ (qua điện thoại, email…): I sent him an email, but he never got back to me. look back (on something) = nghĩ lại chuyện đã qua: My first job was in a travel agency. I didn’t like it much at the time but, looking back on it, I learnt a lot and it was a useful experience. pay back money / pay somebody back = trả lại tiền: If you borrow money, you have to pay it back. Thanks for lending me the money. I’ll pay you back next week.
- I waved to her, and she waved back. — Tôi vẫy tay với cô ấy và cô ấy vẫy lại.
- I’ll call you back in ten minutes. — Mười phút nữa tôi gọi lại cho bạn.
- He never got back to me. — Anh ta chưa bao giờ hồi âm cho tôi.
- Thanks for lending me the money. I’ll pay you back next week. — Cảm ơn đã cho tôi mượn tiền. Tuần sau tôi trả bạn.
Lưu ý
- Mẹo: ‘get back to somebody’ = hồi âm (không phải quay lại chỗ người đó). Với đại từ: give them back, put it away, pay you back.