Giới từ đi với danh từ (Nouns and prepositions)
Có hai kiểu kết hợp cần học thuộc: danh từ + giới từ (a reason for, an answer to) và giới từ + danh từ thành cụm cố định (by car, on time, in advance). Vì không có quy tắc chung, cách tốt nhất là học cả cụm như một từ vựng.
Danh từ + giới từ
| Cụm | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| a reason for | lý do của | What’s the reason for the delay? |
| an answer to | câu trả lời cho | I don’t know the answer to this question. |
| a solution to | giải pháp cho | We need a solution to the problem. |
| an increase / a rise in | sự tăng lên về | There’s been an increase in prices. |
| a decrease / a fall in | sự giảm về | There was a fall in sales. |
| advice on / about | lời khuyên về | Can you give me advice on studying abroad? |
| an effect on | ảnh hưởng tới | Music has a big effect on my mood. |
| the cause of | nguyên nhân của | What was the cause of the fire? |
| damage to | thiệt hại đối với | The storm caused damage to the roof. |
| a demand for | nhu cầu về | There’s a high demand for nurses. |
| an interest in | sự quan tâm đến | He has an interest in history. |
| a relationship with | mối quan hệ với | I have a good relationship with my boss. |
Giới từ + danh từ: cụm cố định
| Giới từ | Cụm | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|---|
| by | by car / bus / train | bằng phương tiện | We went by train. |
| by | by mistake | do nhầm lẫn | I deleted the file by mistake. |
| by | by chance | tình cờ | We met by chance at the airport. |
| on | on purpose | cố ý | He broke it on purpose. |
| on | on time | đúng giờ | The train arrived on time. |
| on | on holiday / on a trip | đi nghỉ / đi chuyến đi | They’re on holiday in Da Lat. |
| on | on a diet | đang ăn kiêng | No cake for me. I’m on a diet. |
| on | on fire | đang cháy | The building is on fire! |
| in | in time | kịp lúc | We got there in time to see the start. |
| in | in advance | trước (đặt trước) | Book your tickets in advance. |
| in | in danger | gặp nguy hiểm | Many animals are in danger. |
| for | for sale | để bán | Is this house for sale? |
on time hay in time?
on time nghĩa là đúng giờ đã hẹn; còn in time nghĩa là kịp (trước khi quá muộn).
- Please be on time for the meeting. — Vui lòng đến họp đúng giờ.
Cùng danh từ, khác giới từ
Đôi khi, cùng một danh từ nhưng đổi giới từ là đổi nghĩa.
- She has good taste in music. / I hate the taste of coffee. — Cô ấy có gu âm nhạc tốt. / Tôi ghét vị cà phê.
demand / need / reason + FOR
a demand for, a need for, a reason for: There was no demand for its product any more. There’s no need for it. The train was late, but nobody knew the reason for the delay (không nói reason of).
- Nobody knew the reason for the delay. — Không ai biết lý do của sự chậm trễ.
- There’s no need for it. — Không cần đến điều đó.
cause / picture / map / photo / plan / drawing + OF; advantage / disadvantage OF
a cause of (The cause of the explosion is unknown); a picture / photo(graph) / map / plan / drawing of (Rachel showed me some pictures of her family. I had a map of the town). an advantage / a disadvantage of: The advantage of living alone is that you can do what you like. Nhưng there is an advantage IN doing something hoặc TO doing something: There are many advantages in living alone / to living alone.
- The cause of the explosion is unknown. — Nguyên nhân vụ nổ chưa rõ.
- There are many advantages in living alone. / … to living alone. — Sống một mình có nhiều lợi thế.
increase / decrease / rise / fall + IN
an increase in, a decrease in, a rise in, a fall in (giá cả, số lượng…): There has been an increase in the number of road accidents recently. Last year was a bad one for the company. There was a big fall in sales.
- There has been an increase in the number of road accidents. — Số vụ tai nạn giao thông gần đây đã tăng.
- There was a big fall in sales. — Doanh số giảm mạnh.
damage / invitation / solution / key / answer / reply / reaction / attitude + TO
damage to (I had to pay for the damage to the other car); an invitation to (a party / a wedding…): Did you get an invitation to the wedding? a solution to a problem (không nói a solution of the problem) / a key to a door / an answer to a question / a reply to a letter / a reaction to something: I was surprised at her reaction to my suggestion. an attitude to hoặc an attitude towards: His attitude to his job is very negative.
- I hope we find a solution to the problem. — Tôi hy vọng chúng ta tìm được giải pháp cho vấn đề.
- His attitude to his job is very negative. — Thái độ của anh ấy với công việc rất tiêu cực.
relationship / connection / contact + WITH; relationship / connection / contact / difference + BETWEEN
a relationship / a connection / contact WITH: Do you have a good relationship with your parents? The police want to question a man in connection with the robbery. a relationship / a connection / contact / a difference BETWEEN two things or people: The police believe that there is no connection between the two crimes. There are some differences between British and American English.
- Do you have a good relationship with your parents? — Bạn có quan hệ tốt với bố mẹ không?
- There is no connection between the two crimes. — Không có mối liên hệ nào giữa hai vụ án.
Lưu ý
- by + phương tiện KHÔNG có mạo từ: nói “by car”, không phải “by a car”. Nhưng đi bộ thì là “on foot”.