during, for và while (during / for / while)

Trình độ B1 · Giới từ · 3 câu mini quiz · bài kiểm tra 40 câu

during trả lời “KHI NÀO” và theo sau là DANH TỪ chỉ sự việc hoặc thời kỳ (during the movie, during our holiday, during the night). for trả lời “BAO LÂU” và theo sau là một khoảng thời gian (for two hours, for a week). while là LIÊN TỪ, theo sau là chủ ngữ + động từ (while I was watching TV). Với tương lai, sau while dùng thì hiện tại, không dùng will.

during ⇄ while

during = vào một lúc giữa lúc bắt đầu và kết thúc một việc

I fell asleep during the movie. We met some really nice people during our holiday. The ground is wet. It must have rained during the night. Với các từ chỉ thời gian (the morning, the night, the summer…), thường nói được cả in lẫn during: It rained in the night / during the night. It’s lovely here during the summer / in the summer.

• I fell asleep during the movie. — Tôi ngủ gục trong lúc xem phim.
• It must have rained during the night. — Chắc hẳn đã mưa trong đêm.

for + khoảng thời gian: bao lâu (không dùng during)

for dùng để nói một việc kéo dài bao lâu: We watched TV for two hours last night. Jess is going away for a week in September. I haven’t seen you for ages. Are you going away for the weekend? Không nói “during two hours”, “during five years”: It rained for three days without stopping (không nói during three days). So sánh: ‘When did you fall asleep?’ ‘During the movie.’ ⇄ ‘How long were you asleep?’ ‘For half an hour.’

• It rained for three days without stopping. — Trời mưa liên tục ba ngày.
• ‘How long were you asleep?’ ‘For half an hour.’ — ‘Bạn ngủ bao lâu?’ ‘Nửa tiếng.’

during + danh từ ⇄ while + chủ ngữ + động từ

during đi với danh từ, while đi với mệnh đề: I fell asleep during the movie ⇄ I fell asleep while I was watching TV. We met a lot of interesting people during our holiday ⇄ … while we were on holiday. Robert suddenly began to feel ill during the exam ⇄ … while he was doing the exam.

• I fell asleep while I was watching TV. — Tôi ngủ gục trong lúc đang xem TV.
• Robert felt ill while he was doing the exam. — Robert thấy mệt khi đang làm bài thi.

while: hai việc cùng lúc

We saw Clare while we were waiting for the bus. While you were out, there was a phone call for you. Alex read a book while Amy watched TV.

• Alex read a book while Amy watched TV. — Alex đọc sách trong lúc Amy xem TV.

Tương lai: sau while dùng hiện tại, không dùng will

I’m going to Moscow next week. I hope the weather will be good while I’m there (không nói while I will be). What are you going to do while you’re waiting? (không nói while you’ll be waiting).

• I hope the weather will be good while I’m there. — Tôi hy vọng thời tiết sẽ đẹp trong lúc tôi ở đó.

Lưu ý

• during + danh từ, while + chủ ngữ + động từ, for + khoảng thời gian. Không nói “during three days”.