So sánh bằng: as … as (as … as)
Để nói hai thứ ngang nhau, ta dùng as + tính từ nguyên dạng + as; còn not as … as nghĩa là kém hơn.
Các mẫu với as … as
| Mẫu | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| as + adj / adv + as | bằng | My bag is as heavy as yours. |
| not as / so + adj + as | không bằng | The film is not as good as the book. |
| as much + uncountable + as | nhiều bằng (không đếm được) | I don’t earn as much money as you. |
| as many + plural noun + as | nhiều bằng (đếm được) | She has as many books as a library. |
| twice / three times as + adj + as | gấp hai / gấp ba | This room is twice as big as mine. |
| the same + noun + as | giống như | I have the same phone as you. |
Bằng nhau
Cấu trúc as + tính từ + as.
- Lan is as tall as her mother. — Lan cao bằng mẹ.
Kém hơn
Cấu trúc not as/so + tính từ + as.
- The bus is not as fast as the train. — Xe buýt không nhanh bằng tàu hoả.
not as … as: kém hơn; cũng nói not so … as
Joe isn’t as rich as Sarah (= Sarah richer than he is). Jack isn’t as old as he looks (= he looks older than he is). The town centre wasn’t as crowded as usual. Lisa didn’t do as well in the exam as she had hoped. I don’t know as many people as you do. ‘Fifty dollars?’ ‘No, not as much as that.’ Có thể nói not so … (as): It’s not so cold as yesterday.
- Jack isn’t as old as he looks. — Jack không già như vẻ ngoài của anh ấy.
- I don’t know as many people as you do. — Tôi không quen nhiều người bằng bạn.
less … than = not as … as
less than gần nghĩa với not as … as: I spent less money than you (= I didn’t spend as much money as you). The city centre was less crowded than usual (= it wasn’t as crowded as usual). I play tennis less than I used to (= I don’t play as much as I used to).
- I spent less money than you. — Tôi tiêu ít tiền hơn bạn.
as … as trong câu khẳng định và câu hỏi (không dùng so … as); twice as … as
Trong câu khẳng định và câu hỏi chỉ dùng as … as: I got here as fast as I could. You can have as much as you want. Can you send me the information as soon as possible? Let’s walk. It’s just as quick as taking the bus. Cũng nói twice as … as, three times as … as: Petrol is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago. Their house is about three times as big as ours (hoặc three times the size of ours).
- I got here as fast as I could. — Tôi đến đây nhanh hết mức có thể.
- Petrol is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago. — Xăng đắt gấp đôi so với vài năm trước.
the same as (không nói the same like)
Ta nói the same as: Laura’s salary is the same as mine (hoặc Laura gets the same salary as me). David is the same age as James. Sarah hasn’t changed. She still looks the same as she did ten years ago.
- Laura’s salary is the same as mine. — Lương của Laura bằng lương của tôi.
- David is the same age as James. — David bằng tuổi James.
than me / than I am; as him / as he can
Sau than và as có thể dùng đại từ tân ngữ hoặc đại từ chủ ngữ + trợ động từ: You’re taller than me = You’re taller than I am (ít khi nói taller than I). He’s not as clever as her = as she is. They have more money than us = than we have. I can’t run as fast as him = as he can.
- You’re taller than me. / You’re taller than I am. — Bạn cao hơn tôi.
- I can’t run as fast as him. / … as he can. — Tôi chạy không nhanh bằng anh ấy.
Lưu ý
- Giữa hai chữ as là tính từ NGUYÊN DẠNG: “as tall as”, không phải “as taller as”.